16^th Edition of European Gastroenterology and Hepatology Congress

Gastrointestinal Immunology mainly focus on differentiation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue, regulation of innate and adaptive immune cell differentiation and function, genetic and epigenetic factors regulating immune responses and inflammation. It also gives idea about the clinical research, clinical trials and epidemiology studies on gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases including gluten-sensitive enteropathy, inflammatory bowel disease, and gastritis, malabsorption syndromes, diarrhea, gastric and duodenal ulcers and disease of the salivary glands excluding cystic fibrosis. The immune reaction of the gastrointestinal tract to the external stimulus or the failure to respond is the most important aspect of the gastrointestinal tract system. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract contains the largest mass of immune cells in the body. Scientific progress in the area of gut immune system and the immune abnormalities includes the latest developments in organ transplantation of the liver and gut. HIV infection in the gut and H. pylori gastritis are the recently discovered disease 

• Gut-associated mucosal tissue (GALT)         
• Autoimmune liver diseases
• Autoimmune pancreatitis       
• Gastrointestinal microbiota
• Mucosal immunology
• Molecular immunology
• Intestinal mucosal innate immunity

Gastrointestinal surgery is divided into upper GI surgery and lower GI surgery. Upper GI Surgery includes surgery for gastro-oesophageal reflux, Gall bladder disease, Hernias, benign oesophageal and gastric disorders, other benign pancreatic and hepatobiliary disorders. Lower gastrointestinal surgery includes colorectal surgery and surgery of the small intestine. Gastrointestinal surgery is a treatment for diseases of the parts of the body involved in digestion. This includes the Oesophagus (ee-sof-uh-gus), stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum. It also includes the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas Hepatectomy is the surgical resection of the liver completely or a small part.

• Gastrointestinal Tract Imaging          
• Gastrointestinal Endoscopy   
• Endoscopic Innovations in Gastroenterology
• Palliative Gastroenterology    
• Double balloon endoscopy    
• Push Enteroscopy      

Gastrointestinal motility is described by the movements of the digestive system, and the transit of the contents within it. Gastrointestinal Disorder is the disorder related to gastrointestinal tract mainly the Oesophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum and the accessory organs of digestion, like liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The conditions of gastrointestinal disorders include constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, haemorrhoids, anal fissures, perianal abscesses, anal fistulas, perianal infections, diverticular diseases, colitis, colon polyps and cancer. Some of the major symptoms of GI disorders are Cramping, abdominal pain, inflammation of the large and small intestine, chronic diarrhoea, rectal bleeding and weight loss. Many of these can be prevented or minimized by maintaining a healthy lifestyle and submitting to cancer screening.

• Bleeding
• Bloating
• Constipation
• Diarrhea
• Heartburn
• Incontinence
• Nausea and vomiting

Inherited Liver Diseases are genetically transferred from ancestors to the parents, grandchildren. The most important and chronic hereditary liver diseases vary from person to the person. Over time, damage to the liver results in scarring (cirrhosis), this can lead to liver failure, a life-threatening condition. Now a day’s scientists are telling that liver cancer is also a hereditary disease. Important inherited disorders causing acute and chronic liver diseases include hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, alpha 1-antiprotease and cystic fibrosis. Alpha 1-antiprotease is due to deficiency of antitrypsin.

• Hemochromatosis
• Alpha 1-antiprotease
• Cystic fibrosis
• Genetics and epigenetics of liver cancer
• Human liver proteome
• Genetic Liver Diseases
• Autoimmune Liver Diseases

Hepatitis has been classified into four distinctive sorts (Hepatitis A, B, C and E) and over two billions of people were contaminated with hepatitis B at some point of time in their life. Around 350 million individuals are the carriers of infection. With broad immunizations and blood screening, the frequency of hepatitis B has been essentially diminished. Both, hepatitis B and hepatitis C are responsible for up to 80% of liver cancer cases. Some patients experience biliary colic, an intermittent and often severe pain in the epigastrium or right upper quadrant, and at times between the scapulas because of temporary obstruction of the cystic duct with a gallstone. If the cystic duct obstruction persists, the gallbladder becomes inflamed and the patient develops cholecystitis, an acute inflammation and infection of the gallbladder. One of the most common causes of extrahepatic biliary obstacle is choledocholithiasis, with one or more stones in the common bile duct or common hepatic duct causing biliary obstruction.

• Cirrhosis
• Alcohol abuse
• Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E
• Epstein Barr virus
• Infectious mononucleosis
• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Hemochromatosis

Acid Related Diseases is classified into 7 sections: the acid production in the stomach, the regulation of gastric acid secretion, the pharmacology of acid secretion, the biology of acid-related diseases, gastric & duodenal ulcer disease, gastro Oesophageal reflux disease, and Helicobacter pylori. Each of these sections is extremely well written and provides historical insights into the various areas. Gastric acid is of central importance in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Pharmacological reduction of acid secretion is the backbone of current treatment. But the optimal degree of acid suppression in people with asthma is at higher risk of developing GERD. Asthma flare-ups can cause the lower esophageal sphincter to relax, allowing stomach contents to flow back, or reflux, into the esophagus. Some asthma medications (especially theophylline) may worsen reflux symptoms.

• Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
• Peptic Ulcer Disease
• Duodenal Ulcers
• Helicobacter pylori
• Stress-related Mucosal Disease

Hepato-Radiology is basically for precise diagnosing of biliary tract issue and is imperative for identifying liver injuries or damage and in patients with a suspected malignancy. It is important because the liver is the common site of metastatic spread and those who are at the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver is an essential organ that has many functions in the body that includes production of proteins and blood clotting factors, manufacturing triglycerides and cholesterol, glycogen synthesis and bile production. The liver filters the blood coming from the digestive tract and detoxifies the chemicals and metabolizes the vitamins, proteins, fats, carbohydrates and drugs.

• Angiography
• Computerized Tomography
• Positron Emission Tomography
• Ultrasonography
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The liver is a key, frontline immune tissue.  The balance between immunity and tolerance is important for the function of liver. Excessive inflammation in the absence of infection leads to sterile liver injury, tissue damage, and remodeling; insufficient immunity allows for chronic infection and cancer. Provocative phenotype can be credited to the intrinsic safe reaction produced by Kupffer cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes. The versatile invulnerable framework is affected by the intrinsic resistant reaction prompting liver harm.

• Hepatorenal syndrome
• Alcoholic Hepatitis
• Trichohepatoenteric syndrome
• Hepatorenal syndrome

Gastroenterology has emerged from the backwoods of medical specialties from the past 20 years. It is because of massive improvement in the diagnosis and treatment fields. Gastroenterology has been divided into hepatology and “hollow organ” gastroenterology. Innovations in colorectal cancer screening, capsule endoscopy that prevents hepatitis C are some of the new advancement in gastroenterology. Current research in gastrointestinal therapeutics and recent advancement targets pioneering efforts and innovative studies across all areas of gastroenterology. There have been incredible advancements in the gastrointestinal and Hepatology space.

• Neuro-Gastroenterology
• Peroral endoscopic myotomy
• High-resolution manometry (HRM)
• Gastrointestinal Transplantation
• Gastrointestinal therapeutics

Hepato-nephrology is the field that deals with how the liver disease is affecting the kidney function. Hepatorenal syndrome is the medical condition that occurs in patients suffering from severe liver failure, alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis. This results in rapid deterioration of kidney function with an infection and bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract or overuse of diuretics. Patient also shows other symptoms like jaundice, altered mental status, evidence of decreased nutrition, the presence of ascites and elevated pressures in the portal vein system.

• Hepatorenal syndrome
• Alcoholic Hepatitis
• Trichohepatoenteric syndrome
• Hepatorenal syndrome

The pancreas is a gland which produces juices that help break down of food, hormones and help control blood sugar level. There are numerous diseases associated with pancreas. The inflammation of the pancreas is termed as pancreatitis. It happens when digestive enzymes start digesting the pancreas itself. Pancreatitis can be acute or chronic. There two forms of pancreatitis, differs in their causes and symptoms, and require different treatment. Acute pancreatitis is a rapid-onset inflammation of the pancreas, mostly frequently caused by alcoholism or gallstones. Chronic pancreas is a long-lasting pancreas inflammation. Pancreatic cancer and cystic fibrosis are genetic disorders in which thick sticky mucus may also block the tubes in pancreas.

• Hereditary Pancreatitis
• Acute Pancreatitis
• Chronic Pancreatitis
• Rapid pulse
• Type 1 diabetes
• Type 2 diabetes

Bariatric Surgery or Metabolic Surgery includes a variety of procedures performed on people who are obese. Weight loss is achieved by reducing the stomach size with a gastric band or through removal of a portion of the stomach sleeve gastrectomy or biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. Gastric bypass surgery is the only treatment option available for achieving prolonged weight-loss. Weight loss surgery has advanced over the years with jejunoileal bypass being one of the attempts at surgical weight reduction. Then came about laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty (LVBG), followed by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), which is now the most commonly performed bariatric Surgery. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG)  is a single-stage operation for treatment of morbid obesity and requires less postoperative followup.

• Baptist Bariatric Surgery
• Dyslipidemia
• Sleep apnea
• Gastric Bypass
• Sleeve Gastrectomy
• Adjustable Gastric Band

Bariatric Surgery or Metabolic Surgery includes a variety of procedures performed on people who are obese. Weight loss is achieved by reducing the stomach size with a gastric band or through removal of a portion of the stomach sleeve gastrectomy or biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch. Gastric bypass surgery is the only treatment option available for achieving prolonged weight-loss. Weight loss surgery has advanced over the years with jejunoileal bypass being one of the attempts at surgical weight reduction. Then came about laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty (LVBG), followed by Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB), which is now the most commonly performed bariatric Surgery. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG)  is a single-stage operation for treatment of morbid obesity and requires less postoperative followup.

• Baptist Bariatric Surgery
• Dyslipidemia
• Sleep apnea
• Gastric Bypass
• Sleeve Gastrectomy
• Adjustable Gastric Band

Gastrointestinal bleeding or gastrointestinal haemorrhage  explains every form of hemorrhage (loss of blood) in the gastrointestinal tract, from the pharynx to the rectum. It has diverse causes, and a medical history, as well as physical examination, generally distinguishes between the main forms. The degree of bleeding ranges from undetectable to acute, massive and life-threatening bleeding. Initial emphasis is on resuscitation by infusion of intravenous fluids and blood transfusion. Treatment with proton pump inhibitors, octreotide, and antibiotics may be considered in some cases. Upper endoscopy or Colonoscopy is generally considered appropriate to identify the source of bleeding and carry out treatment.

• Crohn's disease
• Hemorrhoids
• Ulcerative colitis
• Cirrhosis
• Upper GI Bleeding
• Lower GI Bleeding

Liver transplantation surgery is a technique to replace an injured or diseased liver with a healthy liver obtained from a healthy person. The liver is involved in various metabolic functions that includes metabolism of drugs and toxins, removing degradation products of normal body metabolism  and synthesis of many important proteins and enzymes (such as factors necessary for blood to clot). Surgeons or Doctors suggest liver transplant surgery to the patients who suffer from chronic Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) or Chronic liver failure. This surgery carries a risk of complications such as infection, liver inflammation, blood clots, liver rejection, memory and thinking problems.

• Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR)
• Post-transplantation Care
• Hepatitis infection after liver transplantation
• Hepatic malignancy
• Metastatic malignancy
• Heterotopic transplantations

Surgeons continue their efforts to improve their techniques to operate colorectal cancers. They have a better understanding of what makes colorectal surgery most likely to be successful, such as making sure enough lymph nodes are removed during the operation. Oesophageal cancer usually begins in the cells that line inside the oesophagus. Pancreatic cancer begins in the tissues of your pancreas which is an organ in your abdomen that lies horizontally behind your stomach. Colorectal cancer starts in the colon. The colon and the rectum are parts of the large intestine. Pancreatic cancer is aggressive with few symptoms still the cancer is advanced. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhoea, and jaundice. Treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Gallbladder cancer is relatively an uncommon cancer.  It can be treated by removing the gallbladder, part of the liver and associated lymph nodes.  It is found after certain symptoms such as abdominal pain, jaundice and vomiting.

• Gastric adenocarcinoma
• Gastrointestinal bleeding
• Ascites
• Hepatitis B & C
• Gastrointestinal infections
• Gastrointestinal cancer

Neuro gastroenterology is study associated with brain, the alimentary canal, and their interaction with gastrointestinal motility and functional disorders. Neurogastroenterology concentrates on the functions, malfunctions, and the malformations of the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric divisions of the digestive tract Neuro-gastroenterology encloses the study of brain, It works on It  controls motility, endocrine secretions, and microcirculation of the gastrointestinal system. It mainly focuses on common Functional Gastrointestinal disorders like Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Heartburn, Abdominal Pain, Peptic Ulcer and Gallstone Pancreatitis which manages the gastrointestinal motility and Functional GIT disorders.

• Neurogastro motility
• Central nervous system (CNS)
• Endocrine secretions
• Neurologic disorders
• Neostigmine

Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a procedure that is used to examine digestive tract. This examination is performed utilizing an adaptable fiberoptic tube with a minor TV camera towards the end. The camera is associated with either an eyepiece for coordinate viewing. The endoscope permits finding of gastrointestinal (GI) illness as well as treatment as well. Endoscopy has a few names, contingent upon the segment of the digestive tract. Colonoscopy: This method empowers the specialist to see ulcers, aroused mucous covering of the digestive system, anomalous developments and seeping in your colon. Endoscopy is a current symptomatic device that enables a specialist to see your little entrails.

• Colonoscopy
• Therapeutic Endoscopy
• Colonoscopy
• Sigmoidoscopy
• Clinical Endoscopy

The gastrointestinal transplantations involves the replacement of liver, pancreas, Oesophagus, little digestive system, and colon. The transplantation is a major surgery, and so the patients should be under observatory during post-transplantation. The complication starts immediately after the operation, where the body begins dismissing the organ. The complications can be analysed through hematological or imaging tests. Liver transplantation is made to evacuate the infected or harmed liver and transplant it with an entirety modern solid liver of an individual, who is called as a donor.

• Liver transplant
• Pancreas transplant
• Esophagus transplant
• Multivisceral transplant
• Small intestine transplant

Digestive cancers has wide-range of effects on our health, nutritional status, and quality of life. It shows the symptoms of internal bleeding, acute pains, swelling, inability to digest, difficulty in swallowing or chronic constipation or acute diarrhoea. The diagnosis often requires endoscopy, followed by biopsy of suspicious tissue. The treatment depends on the location of the tumour, as well as the type of cancer cell and whether it has invaded other tissues or spread elsewhere, these factors also determine the prognosis. Oesophageal cancer is the sixth-most-common cancer in the world, and its occurrence is increasing.

• Gastrointestinal cancers
• Colorectal cancer
• New therapies of GI cancer
• Pancreatic cancer
• Gallbladder cancer
• Digestive cancer